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Beekeeping is among the oldest agricultural activities practiced by the farming community of Ethiopia. However, is difficult to establish a time reference as when and where it started first. Honey hunting was a common practice. Hence, during the honey flow time, farmers do go out to hunt for honey from wild honeybee colonies in the forests, crevices, cliffs, etc. Even today it is commonly exercised in extreme parts of the Northwest, West, South and southwestern regions of the country. Beekeeping or systemic honey and beeswax collection as elsewhere in the world might have first developed when honey hunters learnt to maintain honeybee colonies in hives. Traditionally beekeepers keep honeybee colonies in simple hives made of locally available materials. There are different kinds of hives based on the kind of raw materials used for construction. Ghoudo or dung hive, basket hive and log hives are among the some to be mentioned.
As its name indicates is made of cow dung. This hive is of two different sizes, small and large, used for keeping honeybee colonies in some parts of the Amhara & Tigray regional National States. The smaller ghoudo serves as a brood rearing compartment and the larger with a diameter similar hive is extended as a honey chamber. The extension is made at one end of the smaller hive using a support by wedge shaped pole or placed on the ground on a flat stone.
Used in the country varies in size. The longest one ranges from 1.9- 2.30 meters in length. This long basket hive is covered with grass for insulation and protection from rain and strong sun heat. It is narrowed at the center and widened distally. Such hive is used widely in the northeastern escarpment of Ethiopia mainly in the former Yifat and Timuga province.
Are used by beekeepers in areas where forest trees are available for preparing the hives. Two types of log hives are used in the country. The first is a hollowed out which sometimes used. in the Arsi & Bale Zones of the Oromia Regional National States. The other is hollowed out log, but split lengthwise. The two sections are fitted together using climber or rope when in use.
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