The United Nations marks the passage of forty years since the charter came into being. This charter of the United Nations was signed in 1945 in the city of San Francisco. In the four decades since the end of the second World war, the organization has played an important role in international affairs.
Governments have used the United Nations to limit conflicts which could otherwise have spread. The security Council and the Secretary General have often had an invaluable role in encouraging negotiations and preventing an escalation of hostilities. The Organization has also used troops from neutral countries to police troubled areas. There have been over a dozen major peace-keeping efforts.
The United Nations also provided life-saving support for millions of vulnerable and helpless of the World’s people including poor children and their mothers as part of its humanitarian aid.
As part of its Economic Development Programme, the Organization channels some 2.6 billion in development aid annually to increase food production, accelerate the pace of industrial development, lower trade barriers and facilitate the transfer of technology.
Another achievement of the UN charter is the importance attached with regard to human rights. Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of human rights in 1948, the General Assembly has translated most of it into covenants binding on signatory states. The UN has put pressure to bring about change in South Africa where the system of apartheid prevails. In addition, the UN has been instrumental in spreading the ‘expertise people need in order to asses and protect their own rights.
In the field of international law, more international law has been codified and created by the UN in forty years than in all previous history. For the first time ever, a universal legal regime has been agreed upon to cover the two-thirds of the oceans. And the entire body of space law has been produced by the UN.
Finally, the UN system collects, analyses and publishes statistics on a wide range of internationally important topics. In the process, it has created standards and norms that have been adopted by governments World-wide.