After World War II, which brought great suffering to millions of people, there was a deep feeling everywhere that some way had to be found to keep peace among nations. ‘ The idea to set up the United Nations was not worked out overnight. There had been years of planning before the organization actually came into existence.
On October 24, 1945, after all the representatives had approved the UN Charter, the United Nations was officially born. That is why October 24 the United Nations birthday is celebrated as United Nations Day throughout the world.
The United Nations is today an organization of 185 nations-nearly every state the planet legally committed to cooperate in supporting the principles and purposes set out in its Charter. These include commitments to eradicate war, promote human rights, maintain respect for justice and international law, promote social progress and friendly relations among nations, and use the organization as a center to harmonize their actions in order to attain these ends.
The United Nations Charter was written in the closing days of the Second World War by the representatives of 50 Governments meeting at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June 1945. The Charter was drafted on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States when they met at the Dumbrton Oaks Estate, Washington, in August- October 1944. The Charter was adopted and signed on 26 June 1945, by the representatives of the 50 states participating in the Conference, and later by a fifty-first state, Poland, which had been unable to attend.
The main organs of the United Nations are: –
- General Assembly.
- Security Council.
- Economic and Social Council.
- Trusteeship Council.
- International Court of Justice.
- The Secretariat
The 50th Anniversary of the UN is going to be a historic event worldwide. The preparatory period for this event is an appropriate time for reflection on the UN’s achievements and failures and-more importantly- for looking at the future of the UN and its role in the management of world affairs. It is also a time for rededication and renewed commitment by Member States, Non-Governmental Organizations, and individual citizens to the ideals of the United Nations Charter. In this regard as Ethiopia is one of the founding members of United Nations and diplomatic center for Africa it is clear that the role Ethiopia plays in the United Nations will continue.